Over ten million people will develop tuberculosis (TB) in the world this year; over 500,000 of these will have multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Some will receive treatment. However, we know little about the best ways of treating drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) and preventing tuberculosis in people who come in contact with DR-TB patients. TB control efforts require new evidence-based knowledge about optimal treatment regimens, prophylaxis, and regimens involving new TB drugs in order to address the growing health threats of MDR-TB and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB.

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